ROM (Read-Only Memory) is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices. Unlike RAM, the data stored in ROM remains intact even when the power is turned off. ROM is primarily used to store firmware, which is the essential software needed to boot up and operate a device.

Key Characteristics of ROM:

1. Non-Volatile: Data is retained even when the device is powered off.
2. Read-Only: Typically, data written to ROM cannot be modified or erased easily (in most types of ROM).
3. Preloaded Data: Contains instructions and data set by the manufacturer, such as the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) in computers.

Types of ROM:

1. Masked ROM: Data is permanently written during manufacturing and cannot be changed.
2. PROM (Programmable ROM): Can be written once using a special device; cannot be modified afterward.
3. EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM): Can be erased by exposure to UV light and reprogrammed.
4. EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM): Can be erased and reprogrammed using electrical signals; more flexible and widely used.

Uses of ROM:

• Bootstrapping: Stores the firmware required for starting up a computer or device.
• Embedded Systems: Found in devices like calculators, microwaves, and printers to store control software.
• Storing Configuration Data: Often used to store system or device settings that don’t change frequently.