The Indian sloth bear (Melursus ursinus) primarily has an insectivorous diet, but it is also omnivorous and consumes a variety of other food items. Its primary food sources include:

1. Insects:

• Termites and ants are a major part of the sloth bear’s diet. They use their long, flexible tongue to extract insects from their nests or mounds.

2. Fruits and Berries:

• Sloth bears also consume a variety of fruits, including mangoes, guavas, bananas, and berries. They are known to forage for these in forests during the fruiting season.

3. Honey:

• They are known to raid beehives to consume honey, which is a rich source of energy.

4. Small Vertebrates:

• While not a primary part of their diet, they occasionally eat small vertebrates like birds or rodents if they come across them.

5. Roots and Tubers:

• In addition to insects and fruits, sloth bears also dig for roots and tubers, which provide additional nutrition.

The first Governor-General of independent India was Lord Mountbatten. He served as the Governor-General from August 15, 1947, when India gained independence, until June 21, 1948.

Lord Mountbatten was also the last British Viceroy of India, overseeing the transfer of power from British colonial rule to India’s independence. After him, C. Rajagopalachari became the first Indian Governor-General of India, serving from 1948 to 1950.

The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is classified as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. In India, it is found in the high-altitude regions of the Himalayas and Trans-Himalayan regions, including parts of Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh.

Threats to Snow Leopards:

1. Habitat loss due to human encroachment and climate change.
2. Poaching for their fur and bones.
3. Retaliatory killings by herders whose livestock are sometimes preyed upon by snow leopards.
4. Decline in prey species such as blue sheep and Himalayan ibex due to poaching and habitat degradation.

Conservation Efforts:

India has made significant efforts to protect the snow leopard through initiatives like the Snow Leopard Trust and Project Snow Leopard launched by the Government of India. These efforts aim to safeguard the species by protecting their habitats, reducing human-wildlife conflict, and engaging local communities in conservation activities.

The Indian monitor lizard (Varanus bengalensis) is found in a wide variety of habitats across India, including:

1. Forests:

Indian monitor lizards are commonly found in tropical and subtropical forests, particularly those with plenty of ground cover, including shrubs and trees. They prefer areas where they can climb trees and find shelter in crevices.

2. Grasslands:

They also inhabit grasslands and open savannas, where they can easily burrow into the ground or seek refuge in the vegetation.

3. Rocky Areas and Deserts:

Indian monitor lizards are adaptable and can be found in rocky terrains and semi-arid areas, including parts of Rajasthan and Gujarat. These areas provide shelter in the form of rocks and crevices.

4. Near Water Bodies:

They are often found near rivers, lakes, and wetlands, as they are good swimmers and sometimes hunt for aquatic prey.

5. Urban and Agricultural Areas:

In some regions, Indian monitor lizards have adapted to living near human settlements, where they may take shelter in agricultural fields or abandoned buildings

रियो डी जेनेरो में पृथ्वी सम्मेलन (Earth Summit) 1992 में हुआ था। इसे आधिकारिक रूप से यूएन कांफ्रेंस ऑन एनवायरनमेंट एंड डेवलपमेंट (UNCED) के नाम से भी जाना जाता है। यह सम्मेलन 3 से 14 जून, 1992 के बीच रियो डी जेनेरो, ब्राजील में आयोजित किया गया था।

इस सम्मेलन का मुख्य उद्देश्य पर्यावरणीय और विकासात्मक मुद्दों पर वैश्विक सहयोग को बढ़ावा देना था। इसमें दुनिया भर के नेताओं, वैज्ञानिकों, और पर्यावरणविदों ने भाग लिया, और इसके परिणामस्वरूप कई महत्वपूर्ण दस्तावेज़ों को मंजूरी दी गई, जिनमें “रियो डिक्लेरेशन ऑन एंवायरनमेंट एंड डेवलपमेंट” और “एजेंडा 21” शामिल हैं। इस सम्मेलन ने अंतरराष्ट्रीय पर्यावरण नीतियों और सतत विकास पर महत्वपूर्ण प्रभाव डाला।